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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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Sublethal effects of pesticide mixtures on crayfish
HOVORKOVÁ, Anna
Prometryn, a triazine herbicide, was banned in Europe in 2004. Metazachlor, a chloracetamide used to treat mainly oilseed crops, is one of the herbicides still in use. Individual pesticides or their metabolites can cause adverse effects in the aquatic environment, and the resulting mixtures of pesticides that can form in the environment are another issue in terms of adverse effects in the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mixtures of pesticides mixed from selected concentrations (0.01 mg.l-1, 0.1 mg.l-1, 1 mg.l-1). Pesticides were also tested individually at selected concentrations. The biochemical profile of hemolymph and antioxidant biomarkers and oxidative stress biomarker in hepatopancreatic, muscle and gill tissues of marbled crayfish were determined. Toxicity was assessed using a subchronic toxicity test performed over a period of 8 days. Metazachlor concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg.l-1) caused decreasing ALT, Cl-, Mg2+ and Ca2+ levels and increasing NH3 levels in hemolymph. The effect of all tested mixtures was observed on the increase of GLO, ALT and NH3 levels, here a synergistic effect of the mixtures was observed. The activity of antioxidant biomarkers was affected only in CAT for prometryn (0.01 mg.l-1) and metazachlor (0.01 and 1 mg.l-1). LPO levels were affected by metazachlor (0.01 mg.l-1). There was no effect of pesticide mixtures on LPO levels and antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Mixture theory applications in blood flow simulation
Michalová, Marie ; Hron, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Souček, Ondřej (referee)
In the beginning we outline some important properties of blood and de- scribe it from the biological point of view. In the next section we show how we derived our model based on the mixture theory. For the final model we suggest a mathematical method based on the finite element method and subject it to tests for flow in a simple domain. In the middle part we prove the existence of solution for a model with simplified constitutive relation for the stress tensor, which still includes an anisotropic model for the platelet diffusion. In the last section we show numerical results. We start with sim- ple testing computations in simple domains, followed by computations in a two-dimensional simulation of an aneurysm, and narrowed blood vessel re- spectively. In the end we also show some illustrative computations in three dimensions. 1
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Matrix computations for mixtures and solutions
Voborníková, Iveta ; Duintjer Tebbens, Erik Jurjen (advisor) ; Bernhauerová, Veronika (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Iveta Voborníková Thesis supervisor: doc. Dipl.-Math. Erik Jurjen Duintjer Tebbens, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Matrix computations for mixtures and solutions In this work, we determined drug concentrations from mixtures using multicompo- nent analysis without separating them. The condition was the knowledge of the molar absorption coefficients of individual drugs for certain wavelenghts. To do this, we used tools from matrix calculations, especially the Moore-Penrose inverse, and we were in- terested in whether we would achieve more accurate results using standard, square systems or overdetermined systems of linear equations. Based on the results, we came to the conclusion that there is no dependence between the accuracy of the results and the number of wavelengths used. Only in some cases did the results appear to be more accurate when using overdetermined systems with a higher number of wavelengths. Keywords: mixtures, solutions, linear systems, least squares problems, Moore-Penrose pseudoinverses 1
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Mixture theory applications in blood flow simulation
Michalová, Marie ; Hron, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Souček, Ondřej (referee)
In the beginning we outline some important properties of blood and de- scribe it from the biological point of view. In the next section we show how we derived our model based on the mixture theory. For the final model we suggest a mathematical method based on the finite element method and subject it to tests for flow in a simple domain. In the middle part we prove the existence of solution for a model with simplified constitutive relation for the stress tensor, which still includes an anisotropic model for the platelet diffusion. In the last section we show numerical results. We start with sim- ple testing computations in simple domains, followed by computations in a two-dimensional simulation of an aneurysm, and narrowed blood vessel re- spectively. In the end we also show some illustrative computations in three dimensions. 1
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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